šµ²Ù°q®ä š®ºS®äœ®

u®ý¯î®q¯Š®š®±Ùr

(§° î¯vНc‡®±r N®³q®)

yµ½ä°™Õ°ý®ïS®äœ® š®±x°™Õ°î®wµ²°u®Üq®ïþǯԺ…±X¯‹c©uµ°
Nµ²°Ç¯Õºq®Š¯Ÿq®ïXµ°Ç¯ÔS®î®¾¹U® y®Š®îµ±°™Õ°mq® q®æî®±î® ¯î®¾¬|
yµä°Ç¯ÕN®Áš®²w®±î®±w®±Xµ°Ç¯Ôs®Á¯q®âïu®r°Çµ²Ô° ‡®±±S¯ºq®š®î®±‡µ±°
šµÚ°Ç¯Ôq®âý®³ºS®u®³q®N¯Ç¯Ôº…±î¯œ®w® ¯Ç¯Ôy®u®y®ä„®q®wµ²°|| 1

Qºm°„®î®u®àœ®±©mºm°Š®c³º„®oš®±X®ºm°N®³qµ²°u®vÃî®±œ¯
N¯ºl¯rYq®äS®rý¹ºl¯u®ã œµ¶î®±Š®u®„¯ºl¯y®äîµ±°‡®±X®‹q®
X®ºl¯ý®æN®ºj®î®±u®ý®±ºl¯©u®±œ®Á³u®‡®±S®ºl¯†ÃQºl®N®Š®uµ²°
ý®Ïºl¯î®±Šµ°ý® œ®‡®±q®±ºl¯N®³qµ° u®³ý®î®±Qºl¯î®±©º y®ävý® îµ±°|| 2

N®²î®¾¯ÁN®³qµ° q®æî®q®± w®î®±Áq®ây®³Ç®Õu®³q®„®¯Áq®â î®±ºu®Š®Tе°
u®¯Áº…w® š®±u®¯Á š®u¯N®ªq®ý®î®¾¯Á š®±u¯ïq®Š®n¯q¬|
u®±î®¾¯Áw®Š¯œ®±î®±±Qu®±î®¾¯Á‰±u¯w®î®š®±î®±î®¾¯Á†Ã„µ°u®w®y®gµ²°
U®î®¾¯ÁN®ÁN¯ºr®î®î®¾¯Á „®î¯w¬ „®±î®w®x¯Áou®²q®ïN®³r:|| 3


u®w®æºq®Šµ°ºS®±Š®Yu®w®æºq®Š¯vÃN®³q®q®w®ºq®Š¹Ç®u®xuµ°
„¯w®æºq®Š¯î®š®s® î®±w®æºq®Š¯vÃN®³q®q®w®æºq®Š¹Ç®u®xuµ°|
u®w®æºq®Š®ºS®ý®±S®±u®w®æºq®î®¾¯dÇ®± ïq®w®æw¬ ¯†Üq®w®‡®¾¯
š®²w®æºq®N¯q®âœ®³u®q®w®æºq®Š¯î®‡®±î®q®w®æºq®Š¯rÁc©u¹|| 4

‡®¾¯ ¤°Š®î¯vÃÁî®±s®w¯¤°ou®y®Ávrb¯£µ²°†Ãq¯î®±Š®S®n¯
yµ°£¯y®Ù‡µ±°cx £¯ºý®±†º…du®r°N¯Ø©N¯î®³q®î®±±R°|
𮲣¯ÈâS®Ý®w¯£µ°y®N®³q®±ÊX®N®g¯£¯£®ï±°N®³q®î®±wµ²°
v°£¯š®±Š¯œ®³q®š®±u¯£¯p wµ²°î®q®± š®±Š®²£µ°£®n¯u®Ü‹q®w®±:|| 5

þ£¯v‡®±±b¯ÝS®î®±v°£¯š®±©£®oy®‹°£¯£®î®¾¯ ïvÚ®r°
u¯£¯‡®±p° £®î®±r 𝣝u®ä¯z w® ‡®±u¯£µ°y®ï°£®oïu¹|
yµä°£¯¤Œµ²°„®N®Š®Œ¯£¯Š®šµ²°¤y®u¯£µ°y®©¤q®uÂ®Š¯
𝣝‹q¯q®âq®w®±„®²£¯Š®N¯‹xiŒ¯£¯£®î®¾¯w®î®q®± w®:|| 6

x°Œ¯º…±u¯„®ý®±„®þ°Œ¯väuµ°œ®uÂ®Š® PµŒ¯œ®³qµ²°u®vÃu®±x°
ýµ¶Œ¯v‡®±±N®ÙxRŒµ°Œ¯N®g¯u®ãš®±Š®q®²Œ¯hïuµ°œ®w® qµ°|
Nµ²°Œ¯N®Êȳqµ°c©vÃN¯Œ¯X®Œ¯î®‡®±î®x°Œ¯…Ñ u®ºÇ®óuÂ®Š®p°
ª°Œ¯š®Þuµ²°Š®±q®©î®±²Œ¯þ‡µ²°T®b¯Œ¯†Ãvq® w®î®±:|| 7

u®º„µ²°ªr°£®ÈØw®Qš®º„Âµ°vqµ°ºu®ä‹y®¼N®±º†Ã°ºu®ä y¯Ÿ N®³y®‡®¾¯
š®Ùº„¯„®ÁN¯š®œ®w® mº„¯‡®± u®q®Ù® S®º†Ã°Š®w¯u® w®³œ®Šµ°|
Aº„µ²°vÃb¯w®±š®Š®n¯º„µ²°c„®²y®î®w®N®±º†Ã°w®šµ°ý®QS®Š¯g¬
N®±º†Ã°ºu®äN®±ärÙuÂ®Š®cº„¯‹Ç®o±âQ Qî®±±P¯º„µ²°Š®±œ¯†Ãw®±q® ¯º|| 8

zºS¯£®ïN®äî®±q®±Š®ºS¯všµ¶w®ãX®q®±Š®ºS¯î®ªy®Ù u®w®±b¯
š¯ºS¯u®抮š®Ú …ªš¯ºS¯î®zq¯œ®³™q¯ºS¯î®±Š¯ªw®±q® qµ°|
ý®³ºS¯Š®y¯u®w®Qq®±ºS¯S®ä†Ãw®ÝN®w®N¯ºS¯ºl®y¯rq®hx°
q®±ºS¯rî®±ºS®©q®Š®ºS¯†Ã„®²q®„®cN¯ºS¯U® î¯î®±w® w®î®±:|| 9

u¯ãw¯œ®Áî¯î®±w®q®wµ²° w¯s® y¯Ÿ ‡®±c¯w¯š®±Šµ°ý®î®š®±u¯
u¯w¯‡®± ‡®¾¯X®xN®ª°w¯s®Áî¯S®æþq®w¯w¯š®u®š®ãu®w®±c|
ï±°w¯ºN®xî®±Á©xý¯w¯s®Nµ²°i©š®î®¾¯w¯q®â¹ºdS®±oN¹
z°w¯X®Ðš®²q®äy®u®‡®¾¯w¯q®y®q®äN®Š®N¯w®î®±ãu®ºl®î®Š®„®³q¬|| 10

uµ¶‡®¾¯Áº…±uµ° y®Š®ý®±X®‡®¾¯ÁvÃN®³q®ÙQ©î®‡®¾¯Áî®x°ý®æŠ®î®±œ¯-
ý¹‡®¾¯Á†Ã„®²q®N®³q®ï°‡®¾¯Áq®âb¯q®„®±cï°‡®¾¯Áµ°y®xN®Š®|
„¯‡®¾¯Áy®Š¯u®N®±zq¯‡®¾¯ÁcÓ‡®¾¯ S®ªq®w¯‡®¾¯Áq®âš®²S®©q®Šµ²°-
N¯‡®¾¯Áy®Š¯u®ïX¯Š¯ã¹U®c‰±ï°Š¯ãï±q¯ î®±‰± u®‡®¾¯|| 11

§°Š¯î®±©£®Èâoý®±N¯Š¯î®±„®²Š®î®q®± S¹Š¯î®±Œ¯q®ï±q®î®±œµ²°-
œ¯Š¯î®±Š®š®±Ùq®‡®±ýµ²° Š¯î®±N¯ºrš®±q®wµ²° Š¯î®±©…ÜN®©œ®|
š¯æŠ¯î®±î®‡®±Á‹y®¼ï°Š¯î®±‡®±vÃÁN®Š® Y°Š¯î®±Œ¯î®³q®N®gµ°
š¯æŠ¯î®±u®ý®Áw®c¯Š¯î®±‡®¾¯S®q®š®±Uµ²°Š¯î®±wµ²°Š®s®œ®Š®|| 12

§°Nµ°ý®î® y®ävý® w¯Nµ°ý®b¯q®N®zŒµ²°Nµ°ý®„®S®ÝŠ®ï„®²-
šµ²Ù°Nµ°q®Š¯rÁœ®Š®n¯Nµ°î®Œ¯s®Áš®±Qv°Nµ°ON¯©c©u®|
š¯Nµ°q®w¯s® ®y¯Nµ°Š®î®±±Qãš®±q®Nµ²°Nµ°w® „®OÙî®±q®±Œ¯º
НNµ°ºu®±†º…î®±±Q N¯Nµ°£®n¯y®œ® œ®³™Nµ°ý® qµ°ºVäN®î®±Œµ°|| 13

Š¯îµ±°w®³n¯º œ®³u®†ÃŠ¯îµ±° w®Š¯þN®±©†Ã°îµ±° î®±wµ²°u®ãŠ®î®±q¯º
Sµ²°îµ±°vx°c‰±q®yµ½°îµ±°‡®±S¯vÚ®±q®N¯îµ±° xïÇ®Ôî®±w®|
ý¯îµ±° š®u¯ q®æ‰± dq¯îµ±°‡®±q¯y®š®cŠ¯îµ±° S®q¯vÃN®š®îµ±°
†Ã°îµ±°ý®X¯y®u®©w¯îµ±°‡®±ý¹‡®±Ádq®î¯îµ±°£®nµ° ïc‡®±x|| 14

N¯ºq¯Š®Sµ°œ®Q©N¯ºq¯Š®hu®æu®w®N¯ºq¯©N¯ºq®N®ý®Š®º
N¯ºq¯Š® ‡®¾¯º…±cxN¯ºq¯w®æî¯‡®±ïu®±N¯ºq¯ý®â„¯vÃy®œ®Šµ°|
N¯ºq¯ªŒµ²°©u®©N¯ºq¯†Ãýµ²°†Ãr©N¯ºq¯ „®q®î®±w®± š¯
N¯ºq¯w®±‡®¾¯w®dq®N¯ºq¯Š®u®±S®ÁN®hN¯ºq¯ Š®î®¾¯ q®æî®q®± ¯î®¾¬|| 15

u¯ºq®º u®ý¯w®w®š®±q¯ºq®º uÂ®Š¯î®±vÃ®ºq®º y®äX®ºl®q®y®š¯
N¯åºq®º š®îµ±°q®ã ïzw¯ºq®º q®æî¯y® ‡®±î®±w®ºq®º q®y®›æy®h©î®¾¬|
‡®¾¯ºq®º „®®r„®‡®¾¯ºq®º ¯q®± „®S®î®ºq®º „Â®Šµ°o „®cq¯q¬
š¯æºq®º š®î¯‹u®w®±b¯ºq®º uÂ®Š¯uÂ®Š®xý¯ºq®º š®q¯y®š®î®Š®î®¾¬|| 16

ý®ºy¯„®X¯y®©î®N®ºy¯š®Ùý®q®±ä…©š®ºy¯vq¯ï±q®‡®±ý¯:
ý®º y¯u®q¯î®±Š®š®š®ºy¯rwµ²°©î®±w®±N®ºy¯Š®šµ°w® vý® îµ±°|
š®ºy¯ry®¤š®œ®cº y¯y®Š¯î®oœ®q®º y¯î®w®º ‡®±u®N®³s¯-
š®ÙÉæº y¯y®N®²y®y®rq®º y¯Ÿ ¯º q®u®z y®ºy¯š®Š®š®Ù iX®Š®|| 17

Œµ²°Œ¯N®çÉãyµ°¤q®š®±ª°Œ¯N®±Š®ºS®î®u®Pµ°Œ¯N®±q®²œ®©S®qµ°
š¯æŒ¯y®„®²ï±cx„¯Œ¯y®œ¯‡®±Áw®±cy¯Œ¯u®ã „µ²° c‡®± c‡®±|
„¯Œ¯TÝu®S®Üy®¼Š®ý¯Œ¯xŒ¯q®âcxy¯Œ¯q®Ùy®q®Ù©Š®bµ²°
x°Œ¯ºS®u¯vN®z¯Œ¯N®³q¯ªy®s®î®±²Œ¯„®³r°q®c©uµ°|| 18

q®²p°Š®N¯î®±±ÁN®N®³y¯p°On¯ºN®„®±cy¯p° Š®ïy®ärî®±„¯:
£µ²°p°uÂ®Š¯ªx„®Uµ²°p°î®±±P¯vU®w®îµ°p°š®±Š®£®oN®Š®:|
ýµ²°p°„®î®w®Ý‡®±w®Nµ²°p°dq¯º…±xvÃy¯p°‹q¯œ®Áoî®±p-
ýµä°p°î®³q¯ºV䋜® î¯p°ý®š®²w®±î®Š®î¯p°š®±Ùqµ²° ïc‡®±qµ°|| 19

œ®±ºN¯Š®y®½î®Áî®±s® hºN¯Š®w¯u®î®±ry®ºN¯î®u¯‡®±Á X®Oq¯
©ºN¯þŒµ²°X®Ð‡®±ïý®ºN¯y®q®váu®±Š®ý®ºN¯š® ‡®±š®ã u®w®±Ç®:|
©ºN¯vÃyµ½°î®±w®±q® ‡®±º N¯©Š¯räï±î® ý®ºN¯ý®q¯N®±©vÇ®¾¯
q®º N¯©u®ºl®ý®q®š®ºN¯ý®N¯î®±±ÁN®ý®Š¯ºN¯xæq®º „®c œ®‹î®¾¬|| 20

vð¯w®îµ±°‡®±q®w®±u¯¯q®Áî®±ºS®©u®w¯î®¾¯ Š®î®¾¯N®î®±©„®²-
N¯î®¾¯‹y®w®ÝS®y®N¯î®¾¯Ÿîµ¶‹S®±Š®±šµ²°î®¾¯uµ¶î®ºu®ãî®±Ÿî®¾¯|
šµÚ°î®¾¯vw¯y®S®q®›°î®¾¯î®q¯q¬ š®Q©š¯î®¾¯cНî®o‹y®½
Š¯î®¾¯†Ãuµ²° œ®‹Š®„¹¯N®³r: y®äq®w®š¯î®¾¯vîµ°u®ïÇ®‡®±:|| 21

uµ²°Ç¯q®â„®²î®ý®q®±Š¯Ç¯l®rN®äî®±cе²°Ç¯q®â„®q®±äÁî®X®š¯
y¯Ç¯o„®²q®î®±±x‡µ²°Ç¯î®Š¯q®âq®w®±îµ°Ç¯vu¯‰±X®Š®o:|
wµ¶Ç¯u®‡µ²°™u®ý®±„µ°Ç¯N®³u®ºl®cxuµ²°Ç¯X®Š¯vý®±„®uµ²°
uµ²°Ç¯S®äcw®âî®±³rýµ²°Ç¯y®œµ²°î®q®± š®±uµ²°Ç¯ºVäb¯q®œ®w®w¯q¬|| 22

ºu¯î®w®š®Úy®ý®±î®³ºu¯î®w®º ïw®±q®î®³ºu¯Š®Nµ¶N®ý®Š®oº
w®ºu¯q®âcº xœ®q®xºu¯N®³u¯š®±Š®cw®º u¯î®±…u®Ücj®Š®î®¾¬|
u¯î®±œµ° ®±î®±î®±ºu¯î®u¯q®Š®±Yî®±ºu¯£®N¯‹î®u®w®º
N®±ºu¯ªu®ºq®î®±±q® N®ºu¯›q®y®ä„®q®w®±º u¯î®Š¯£®š®œ®Š®î®¾¬|| 23

Sµ²°y¯©Nµ²°q®éî®N®³q¯y¯Š®„®£®ÈãŠ®š®š®²y¯w®ÝŒµ²°y®N®±zq¯
ý¯y¯©‡®¾¯zq®©‡®¾¯y¯º…±u¯ªš®ªŒ¯y¯‡®±u¯‹q®Tе°|
š¯æy¯ºS®u®ý®Áw®cq¯y¯ºS®Š¯S®‡®±±q®Sµ²°y¯ºS®w¯ºý®±N®œ®³r-
î¯ãy¯Š®ý¹ºl® ïïu¯y¯‡®±q®š®ÙÉæî®±î® Sµ²°y¯‹b¯q®œ®Š®o|| 24

N®ºš¯vN¯š®u®î®q®ºš¯î®x°y®rš¯N®³q¯q®âcw®±Ç®º
š®ºš¯Š®„®²q®ï±œ® š®ºš¯Š®…u®Üî®±w®š®º š¯Š®Yq®±éQq®w®±î®¾¬|
š®ºš¯u®‡®±ºq®î®±xý®º š¯ræN®î®äcî®±œ®º š¯u®Š®º „®q® „®bµ°
œ®ºš¯vq¯y®š®‹Š®ºš¯š®Þu®º y®Š®î®±œ®ºš¯vu®ãX®Š®o¬|| 25

Нd°î®wµ°q®ä ïu®±Š¯d°î® ¯î®±î®q®± Нd°î®Nµ°q®w®î®ý®º
î¯d°„®y®rÙw®³y®Š¯d°Š®s¯xæq®cНd°î®S®î®Áý®î®±w®|
î¯d°ý®î¯œ® ›q®î¯d°ý® uµ¶q®ãq®w®±î¯d°ý®„µ°u®N®Š®uµ²°-
b¯Ád°N®u®º…w®î®Š¯d°î®î®±±Qãš®±î®±Š¯d°š®±î¯›q®þŠ®:|| 26

N¯ª°œ®äu¯î®š®s®N¯ª°‡®±N®±ºl®ªy®N¯ª°š®Úy¯u®w®QН
î¯ãª°w®î¯ºý®±N®Š®î¯ª°S®n¯Š®±pq®N¯ª°Š®±Xµ° c‡®± c‡®±|
Nµ°ª°©î¯y®œ®³q®N¯ª°ý®u®q®Ù®w¯ª°N®u®³y®Ùvr„®²-
X®²ª°N®Sµ²°y®î®±ŸŒ¯ª°q®w®²U®š®³ou®²ª°N®n¯ºN®œ®³u®‡®±|| 27

N®³Ç¯Øvy¯ºl®±š®±q®N®³Ç¯Øî®±w®:y®äX®±Š®q®³Ç¯Øš®±q®³zÙN®Š®î¯N¬
N®³Ç¯ØºN®y¯ªŠ®q® N®³Ç¯Ø†Ãu¯U®œ®Š® N®³Ç¯ØvÇ®o⟩ „µ²°:|
y®¼Ç¯Øq®± ¯î®±dq® xǯØq®î¯vÃÁî®±±u®w®±Ç¯Øºý®±î®±ºl®© œ®Šµ°
dǵ²Ø° T‹°ºu®äuÂ®Š® ïǵ²Ø° ǯ®c u®³Çµ²Ø° „®î¯w¬ N®Š®±o‡®¾¯|| 28


Š¯î®¾¯þе²°î®±puÂ®Š¯î®¾¯š®îµ±°q® …©Š¯î®¾¯w®±b¯†Ãu® Š®rº
îµ½ã°î®¾¯š®±Š¯ºq®N®Š® qµ° ¯Š®q¯q® vý® îµ±° ¯u®VäN®î®±Œµ°|
N¯î®¾¯q®Á„¹y®¼Š®Š¯î®¾¯î®ªy®äo‡®±î¯î®¾¯¤z°q®q®w®±„¯
†Ã°î®¾¯Ÿw¯s®î®±±Q¯xN¯†Ãî®±q® †Ã°î®¾¯†Ãu®ãX®Š®o|| 29

š®£µÈæ°©„®£®Èã„®‡®±u¯¤ý®äîµ½°S®ocŒ¯£µ°y®y¯ý®‡®±î®±w®º
Œ¯£®S®³œ®cæ©w®Š®£µ²°Ÿmº……N®„µ¶£¯w®Ýy®½î®Áïy®u®:|
A£¯w®±…ºu®„®®²£¯£®Š®ý®äî®o𝣝oâŸÇ®ãî®î®±r°
N®£¯w®±‡®¾¯w®î®±u®£¯Èây®šµ°î®w®î®±†Ã£¯ÈØy®œ¯š®î®±š®q¯î®¾¬|| 30

X®£¯o Iî® xcy®£¯S®ä„®²u®ý®q¯£¯q®âb¯vš®±œ®³u¯-
î®±£µ°y®N¯‹N®±w®³y¯£µ²°Ÿp°ý®q®…Œ¯£µ²°„®v°¤q®î®±w¯:|
q®£¯ÈÁã›X¯y®ý®Š®r°£¯ÈØ‹y®½î®Áxc©£¯ÈâpX¯y®ãS®o‡®±w¬
£¯©‡®±u®æc‹Š®£¯N®Šµ²° c‡®±r ©¤Èâ°y®r‡®±Áu®±y®r:|| 31

…±u¯Üî®q¯Š® N®ï…±u¯Üw®±N®ºy® N®±Š®± …u¯ÜºcŒ¹ î®±‰± u®‡®¾¯º
ý¹uµ²Ü°u®xy®äî®±±Qšµ¶u¯ÜºrN¯š®±S®î®±„¹u¯ÜS®î®±y®äo‡®±w®|
N®³u¯ÜŸq¯š®±œ®³r›u¯Ü›Pµ°huÂ®Š® ý®±u¯Üý®æ‡®¾¯w® N®î®±Œ¯
ý®±u¯Üºq® ¯º Š®±Yzw®u¯ÜºRŒ¯ºS® xcî®±u¯Üî® N®©ÊÉã†Ãu® „µ²°:|| 32

š¯Š®ºS®N®³rÙuÂ®Š®š¯Š®ºS®î¯‹uÂ®Š® š¯Š®ºS®Š¯c®u¯
š¯Š®º S®u¯‹q®Š®š¯Š®º S®q¯q®âî®±u®š¯Š®º S®q¹Ç®u®…©î®¾¬|
š¯Š®ºS®î®q®±Êš®±î®±š¯Š®º S®q®º X® q®î® š¯Š®ºS®î®¾¯ºV䇮±±S®©º
š¯Š®ºS®î®oÁî®±y®š¯Š®ºS®q¯…Ñî®±u®š¯Š®º S®vºš®ÙÉæî®±î® î®¾¯î®¾¬|| 33

Tä°î¯š®ã®q®w®±uµ°î¯ºl®b¯vu®ý®„¯ʯX®‹q®º
„¯î¯r„®î®ãý®±„®vðî¯vНc‡®±r„®²î¯T振š®x©‡®±î®¾¬|
§°î¯S®vðý®î®±±Quµ°î¯†Ãw®î®±ãœ®‹šµ°î¯X®Áwµ°Ç®± y®j®q¯-
¯î¯š® Iî® „®ïq¯î¯S®áîµ°q®Š®š®±Š¯î¯š®Œµ²°N®xN®Šµ°|| 34

|| Cr §°î¯vНcãy®½cãX®Š®oYq¯ u®ý¯î®q¯Š®š®±Ùr:||

Contributed by  Smt Rashmi Mohan